Who does not know fish cork? Fish are often the prey of fish farmers because predators are troubling one, is now increasingly prevalent cork harvested for meat fish has its own delights are not the same as other fish. Catfish are sought after by buyers due to the dense texture of the meat.

                                                              fish Cork

Aquaculture way good-Turns Cork cork fish is a fish native to Indonesia. Live in the waters around us, in the swamp, in reservoirs and rivers where the water is calm. But catfish that can be bought in the markets and stalls, most likely from Borneo. Because of the island that is now the largest supplier to markets throughout Indonesia. But unfortunately, the fish populations in natural cork has begun to diminish, so budiadaya this fish needs to be developed.

Before entering the cultivation way it is good we know about biology, especially habitat, living habits, eating habits and sistematikanya. In Kalimantan, catfish are found in inland swamps, live at the base of the shallow waters, is carnivor or meat eaters, especially small fish that approached him. Cork fishing is seasonal, spawn in the rainy season.

By systematics, a fisheries expert, Kottelat (1993) insert into: Class: Pisces; Order: Labyrinthycy; Family: Chanidae; Genus: Channa; Species: Channa striata; synonymous with Ophiochephalus striatus. Catfish has another name, namely cork proceed Indonesia, Kalimantan Haruan a name. While the language is called Snaka Inggeri Fish Head.

Different male and female

Male and female catfish can be distinguished easily. You do this by looking at the signs on the body. Males characterized by an oval head, darker body color, sex milking pit and when massaged clear white discharge. Females characterized by rounded heads, lighter body color, enlarged and flabby stomach, when sorted out eggs. Male parent and had already reached 1 kg.

Spawning

Spawning is done in a concrete or fiberglass tubs. How, to prepare a concrete tank size of 5 m long, 3 m wide and 1 m high; dried for 3-4 days; feedback as high as 50 cm of water and let it drain for spawning; as a spawning stimulus, inputs to water hyacinth cover most of the surface of the tub; input input 30 breeding females; feedback also 30 breeding males; let spawn; take eggs with finely sekupnet; eggs ready for hatching.
To determine the spawning is done every day control. Egg is floating on the water surface. One breeding female can produce as many eggs 10000-11000 grains. 

 hatching eggs

Hatching eggs done in aquaria. How: prepare an aquarium length 60 cm, width 40 cm and height 40 cm; dried for 2 days; clean water contents as high as 40 cm; pairs of two aeration points and turn during hatching; pairs well water heater temperature up to 28 OC; input eggs at a density of 4-6 butir/cm2; let it hatch. The eggs will hatch within 24 hours. Until two days, the larvae do not need to be fed, because they store food reserves.

larval rearing

Maintenance done after 2 days the larvae hatch until the age of 15 days, in the same aquarium with density 5 tail / liter. Excess larvae can be kept in another aquarium. At the age of 2 days, larvae fed with Artemia naupli frequency of 3 times a day. From the age of 5 days, the larvae were fed an additional form of daphnia 3 times a day, to taste. To maintain the quality of water, do penyiponan, by removing dirt and leftover feed and replace with new water as much as 50 percent. Penyiponan done 3 days, depending on water quality.

separating

Catfish nursery I performed in ground pool. The trick: to prepare the pool size of 200 m2; dried for 4-5 days, fix all parts; String together kemalir with a width of 40 cm and height 10 cm; averaged essentially ground; scatter 5-7 sacks of chicken manure or quail; contents as high as 40 cm of water and soak for 5 days (no water flow); stocking 4,000 larvae in the morning, after 2 days, give 1-2 kg of flour pellets or pellets that have been soaked every day; crop seeds after 3 weeks of age.

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if you want to capture an image / photo of your favorite fish , there are a few tricks that you can have a photo of your favorite fish are attractive and look beautiful1 . the need disiapin :- Lamp of learning. better if its big or packing watt fluorescent type- Or the lights flash from a professional camera- Cardboard items- scissors- Alat2 hygiene aquarium- A digital camera or camera under water- Tripod . or something that can be used as the foundation / buffer for the camera2 . how:- Deh tuh clean the aquarium glass and suck all kotoran2 out of the aquarium . bener2 wait until the water is clear . is to produce images that are free of dirt and dust ceplakan hand or on the glass .- Keluarin all water filter pump , heater and all alat2 that ruin the beauty of the aquarium photo .- Make a hole in the black cardboard . make sure the size fits the camera newbie . this to generate an image without reflection from the glass aquarium . so the camera like the item poking out of cardboard .- Install additional lighting on the upper surface of the aquarium with the flash or the study . wear light with light colors like white flash- Plug the camera position parallel to the aquarium . even if necessary , attach the camera lens newbie on the aquarium glass . this is to reduce the distortion produced by the aquarium glass . wear a buffer / tripod to prevent camera bergerak2- Bersiap2lah slingshot . but it takes patience . Do not move the camera position . bergerak2 let the fish . so jepretlah when the fish pass through areas of focus camera newbie .- If your digital camera can be set shutter speednya , use a high . eg 1/500 sec , 1/1000 sec , etc.- If you have a camera macro setting , use the feature- If your camera can focus manually , use . this in order not to interfere with shooting . because if you use auto focus , the lens will nabrak2 glass aquarium .- If you have a camera under water , the result will be more interesting because the camera can plunge into the aquarium and you can get angle2 freer and unpredictable . for this camera , believe on instinct . because you can not close the LCD screen or viewfinder .

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Farmed fish are fish that would have undergone domestication in aquaculture environments. Domestication is the removal of an organism from the old to the new habitat habitat in this human fish obtained by taking from nature and then maintained in a restricted environment is pool maintenance.

A species of fish in aquaculture systems can be grouped according to the level of domestic into four levels as follows:

1. Domestication is perfect, ie when the entire life cycle of the fish already in the system can be maintained in cultivation. Examples of some native fish species that have been domesticated perfectly Indonesia include carp, fish baung, and banding.

2. Domestication is said to be almost perfect if the whole life cycle has to be maintained in the system of cultivation, but its success is still low. Indonesian native fish are domesticated nearly perfect betutu among other fish, balashark, and arowana.

3. Domestication has not been perfect if only some its life cycle that can be maintained in the cropping systems. Examples include Napoleon fish, marine ornamental fish, and tuna fish.

4. Have not been domesticated yet if the whole life cycle can be maintained in the cropping systems.  

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Hardness handling

If your water is too hard to fish or plants, the water can dilunakan. Many ways can be done to reduce hardness. It is best to use a reverse osmosis (RO) or deioniser (DI). Unfortunately this method is included in the method expensive. Results of reverse osmosis will have a hardness = 0, therefore this water needs to be mixed with tap water in such a way so as to achieve the required hardness value.

Commercial water softener resin can be used on a small scale, though not effectively used for large scale. Commercial products processing water for domestic use is generally not suitable, because they often use the principle of exchange of cations in the process. In this prosoes sodium (Na) is generally used as an ion exchanger, so the sodium will eventually accumulate on the results of processed water. Excess sodium (Na) in the aquarium water is undesirable.

Dilution using distilled water (distilled water / distilled water) can also be used to reduce hardness.
Naturally decrease can also be done by using the services of organic acids (humic / fulvik), the acid function exactly as seen in the deionization process by capturing ions from water on gusus carbonyl groups contained in the organic acids (farm ). Some media that contains organic acids which are derived from Spagnum peat (peat moss), leaves ketapan, Oak bark, etc..

Process with peat and other organic material will usually produce brown color water like tea water. Before the peat used to be boiled in advance is recommended, so that organisms undesirable missing.

Lowers hardness can also be done by planting "duck weed" or Egeria densa.

To increase the hardness can be done by providing decorations made ​​from limestone, such as tufa or coral sand. Or by passing water through the broken marble (marble stone) or other calcareous materials. 

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Tips on Choosing a Koi Fish

1. Allow sufficient time to consider how the choice of koi swim. Movements should be smooth, not halting
Gill movements move slowly and regularly with both gills should be close to the valve body.
Avoid buying koi with reddish skin, white point, her scales up, his eyes opaque, sitip decaying, there is a bump on the head and gills valve. Ask the seller to put the fish into the shallows elected (tub) so that it can be scrutinized carefully with close range.

2. Ask advantages and disadvantages of the chosen fish.

3. Ask koi fish selected it.

4. Do not evaluate deficiencies alone.

5. Keep in mind the aspects that should be noticed.
Good body shape.
KIWA balanced color pattern with sharp.
Clear color evenly.
Wide swim styles.

In the pool with a good filter system, the color will be a beautiful koi fish. Keep in mind the environment can alter the condition of the fish pond koi, koi fish will be lost because the colors in 6 months by the water conditions are not good. Unfortunately when we buy expensive koi fish and beautiful changing colors.

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Often occurs dikolam the hobbyist (beginner), a new entry into the pond koi, died within a few days. Even more depressing is the other koi became ill and eventually died. Why and how sulusinya?

1. Koi stress in oxygenated bagsKoi are usually taken with a newly purchased included in oxygenated plastic bags. In such conditions it is certain that the koi in a state of stress. How could I not, with a very narrow space in the bag, koi can barely move. It commonly occurs when the koi thrashing, and it is usually also means they will be used to move the koi.

2. Koi Stress susceptible to disease.As humans, koi also have endurance. When the koi in a healthy state (fit), then the disease is not easy to attack. But when koi stress, it will reduce his endurance and very susceptible to infection. Therefore that should be pursued is to keep koi no stress, or at least by allowing koi immediately regardless of stress.

3. Abbreviate time koi transportation.Given the koi in oxygenated bags under stress, then as much as possible, do not let the koi too long in the pocket. Once you arrive, take action immediately to remove the koi.

4. Removing the koi from the bag.As we know well from the advice of other oral and written information, remove from bag koi need several steps, among others, lay still in the bag ties koi pond water over and let some time (approximately 15-30 minutes). That is to equalize the temperature of the water in the bag with a pond. Then open the bag, and feel the temperature of the water in the bag by hand, whether it has been relatively the same as the temperature of pond water. When considered together then tambahankan temperature of pool water into the bag until it is full and let the koi out by itself. The way it is usually done to avoid sudden changes in water conditions. But the question is whether these measures are sufficient to ensure the comfort of the new incoming koi pond? The answer is NO. Why is that?

5. Each koi pond has different water quality.
None of the koi pond water quality is exactly the same with the other pool let alone different locations / places.
Water quality in the pond dealer locations, is different in your pond. When the difference is quite significant, new koi will surely growing stress.
Maybe you do not test the water in your pond every dealer will buy koi. Especially if your pool is not equipped with adequate filter system. Then if the existence of differences in the quality of the water, we are not going to buy koi forever? The answer is of course NO. To be sure, you should understand this. What's the solution?

6. Koi need a new quarantine process.
No one can guarantee that the new koi you buy, your pond will stay alive. But there langkah2 can be done to reduce the mortality of new koi, ie through the quarantine process. If nothing else is to be stated that the newly purchased koi healthy, without having quarantined. For me it was a case of coincidence. It means that not every hobbyist can do it. Perhaps because it has been experienced, or condition of the pool was equipped with a good filter system, or indeed healthy benar2 koinya derived from a pool of good dealers anyway. But I'm sure if not carefully treated, new koi can be problematic.

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Appetite enhancer Eating Catfish - Ginger, What is turmeric? daeraha pade for Java is called Ginger, but if the name is koneng disunda big, lainlagi with Madura area called temulabak.
Part of ginger is often used is rimpangnnya who likes godog used as a traditional herbal medicine, Wild Ginger has a starch content of 48 to 59.64%, and it also contains 1.6 to 2.2% curcumin and contains 1.48 to 1.63 % volatile oil, ginger is also believed to increase the work function of the kidneys is also anti-inflammatory in addition there are many other benefits contained in turmeric. (Wikipedia: Ginger)

Besides beneficial for humans apparently ginger is very good to increase appetite in catfish that we cultivated, well for colleagues who fish farming lelenya less appetite may also try natural herbal supplement ginger napsumakan of this material.

We live it and how mengaflikasikannya kecara manufacturing and materials we need to provide are as follows:

1. Provide as much ginger 0.2 Kg (2 ounces)

                                                     Wild Ginger 

2. Provide warm water to taste or about 1/4 liter 

                                                                 Warm Water

3. Sieve and grater

 On how to manufacture appetite enhancer of the catfish ginger ingredients are:
1. Ginger before we have prepared our finely grated
2. Our makers that we had grated ginger with warm water
3. Once well blended and then we had to squeeze the ginger using a sieve

For mengaflikasikannya way is by mixing the juice was flapping pellets would we give in catfish, try after dibibiskan or mix with feed pellets to silence him first for 5-10 minutes to allow juices soak ginger.

That is one herb ginger are used to increase appetite catfish, may be useful and do not forget to read the article on Herbs for the preparation of order catfish catfish pond water healthy and safe until harvest. thx

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Male Betta Fish How to Produce a Lot

As with other life forms, fish sex naturally been determined at the time of fertilization of the egg occurs. However, in fish there is an unstable phase where sex can still be directed into females or males. Desired gender differences related to the character or nature between male and female fish. The difference can be a character speed of growth and appearance of the body such as the color and length of fin fish. Differences in the character typically associated with economic aspects that would be more beneficial if the fish maintain a lucrative sex.

This briefing sex technique known as sex reversal. Sex reversal technique has been successfully applied to several types of fish such as carp and some types of fish such as Betta fish, congo tetra and fish idly.

Immersion in a solution of hormones made ​​from eggs (embryos) phase eye spots which occurred about 30 hours after spawning. Many eggs are soaked in each liter of water hormonal grains ranged between 3000-5000. Containers used for soaking should be that has a flared base so that the use of hormones in the water as much as possible. For easy retrieval of the eggs after being given hormone treatment, the eggs can be incorporated into a smooth tea strainer is inserted into the container before immersion. Soaking time for betta fish is 8 hours.

Handling the fish larvae such as hormone treatment performed on untreated larvae. The development of the treatment is the same fish as the usual fish.Directing towards gender male betta fish is done using 17 α-androgen hormone methyltestosteron. Hormone dose used was 20 mg / l of water immersion. Preparation of the hormone 20 mg / l is done by dissolving the hormone as much as 20 mg, then dilaritkan in 1 ml of 70% alcohol, and then put into the water that will be used to soak as much as 1 liter. Water that has been given hormones aerated some time before soaking. This is done to flatten the hormones in the water and help the evaporation of alcohol.

  

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Okada (1990) stated that red meat contains myoglobin and hemoglobin that is prooksidan and rich in fat. The red color in the flesh of fish due to the high content of hemoproteinnya mioety composed of proteins, globin and heme structure. Among the existing hemoprotein, myoglobin is the most hemoprotein. Over 80% hemoprotein in red meat is myoglobin and hemoglobin. The content of myoglobin in red meat tuna can be more than 3500 mg/100 grams (Watanabe, 1990). It simply happens that causes rancidity in red meat tuna (Okada, 1990).

The main cause of the white meat and red meat is the content of the pigment, wherein the pigment myoglobin to be found on the main red meat (Winarno, 1984). According myoglobin shaped similar to hemoglobin smaller, which is approximately one-fourth part of the large hemoglobin. The myoglobin molecule consists of a single polypeptide chain consisting of 150 amino acid fruit.

Based on physical properties, myoglobin is part of the sarcoplasmic proteins of meat, is soluble in water and dilute salt laruta (Clydesdale and Francis, 1976 and Kramlich et al (1973) describes some of the factors that affect the amount of hemoglobin and myoglobin in meat, among others, 1) the level of activity network, 2) the blood supply, 3) the level of oxygen demand and 4) age and species.

Carotenoids are a group of pigments that are yellow, orange, and red as well as soluble in oil (Winarno, 1984). Carotenoids are a group of pigments found in the skin, the tools in the fish's body and other parts of the fish (Simpson, 1962). Further stated that tuna fish, including many species of fish that contain carotenoids. This is because the pigment content of some types of fish can eat other fish or shellfish that contain carotenoids smaller. Pigments that have been isolated from tuna fish group is "tunaxanthin" and the pigment is the main characteristic of marine fishes in general (Simpson, 1962).

Xiong (2000 referred Nakai, 2000) states that the collagen protein is important is seabut sarcoplasmic miogobin who was instrumental in the red meat. Myoglobin molecule consists of two parts: part protein (globin) and nonprotein portion (heme). Further stated that the content of myoglobin in meat each different depending on the species.

On the type of tuna fish meat that has 2 types of white and dark meat, meat instead of high putihlah histaminnya while red meat is much less. For human consumption of red meat is safer than beef white when viewed in terms of histamine. Why little red meat histaminnya content, it is because of high red meat content of trimethyl amine oxide (TMAO), which serves to inhibit the formation of histamine (Winarno, 1993).

Why Fish Colored White Meat?
Histamine is a compound found in fish flesh from Scombroidae family, subfamily Scombroidae, or other fish which have rotted in the flesh that there are high levels of histamine. Histamine in the meat produced by the work of an enzyme that causes the breakdown of histidine enzyme histidine decarboxylase. Through the process decarboxylase (pieces of carboxyl groups) produced histamine. Unit histamine levels in tuna meat can be expressed ppm (Hadiwiyoto, 1993). 

There are 3 types of bacteria are able to produce histamine from histidine in high amounts, namely: Proteus marganii (bigeye, skipjack), Enterobacteri aerogenes (skipjack), Clostridium pefringens (skipjack) Almost all of histamine-forming microbes are negative and rod-shaped salt. Bacterial enzyme is more stable than the freezing temperature and can be reactive and very quickly after thawing (FDA, 1998). Histamine can accumulate in fish flesh because of the mishandling of raw materials before and after freezing. One of the enzymes that are still before freezing the fish, it can forward the formation of histamine in fish flesh regardless bacterial cell freezing injury during deviations (Baranowski et al, 1998).

 

Sleep fish is not it?

there may be some people who asked or there is usually a small child the words to ask "mother / father tuh fish do not sleep anyway?"
there may be some people who are confused to answer that because it did not know.
I will give you the answer:

Fish actually sleep just like us. but how different fish sleep with the rest to wrap our eyes.

fish fish sleep but could not close her eyes because of the lack of eyelids. therefore usually fish sleep by silence in the bottom waters with the minimum activity.

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